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作为新型储能装置之一，相较于传统储能装置，超级电容器具有功率密度高、使用寿命长、充放电速率快等优越特性，因而受到了研究者们的广泛关注。介绍了超级电容器的发展历程、分类及工作原理；概述了应用于超级电容器的碳基材料、过渡金属氧化物、导电聚合物及复合材料等电极材料的研究进展；阐述了超级电容器在工业、电力、汽车、航空等领域以及柔性超级电容器在可穿戴电子产品中的应用状况；分析了当前超级电容器的不足及面临的挑战；总结了超级电容器新的可能应用领域(如生物、医疗和神经形态学计算等领域)及新的研究方向(如超级电容器精确数学模型等)。
Abstract：As one of new type energy storage devices, compared with traditional energy storage devices, supercapacitors have attracted extensive attention due to superior characteristics such as high power density, long cycle life, fast charge and discharge rate and so on. The development, classification and working principle of supercapacitors are introduced. The research progress of electrode materials such as carbon-based materials, transition metal oxides, conductive polymers and composite materials is summarized. The application of supercapacitors in industry, electric power, automobile, aerospace and other fields is described, and the application of flexible supercapacitors in wearable electronic products is expounded. The shortcomings and facing challenges of current supercapacitors are analyzed. The new possible application fields of supercapacitors(such as biology, medical treatment, neuromorphology calculation, etc.) and new research directions(such as accurate mathematical model of supercapacitors) are summarized.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13250/j.cnki.wndz.2022.11.001
中图分类号:TB30;TM53
引用信息:
[1]石文明,刘意华,吕湘连等.超级电容器材料及应用研究进展[J].微纳电子技术,2022,59(11):1105-1118.DOI:10.13250/j.cnki.wndz.2022.11.001.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51875478,51905445); 陕西省自然科学基金资助项目(2018JQ5020); 重点实验室基金资助项目(6142201200403)